Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (NTDase 1 or CD39) belongs to the membrane-bound ecto-nucleoside triphosphates diphosphohydrolase family (E-NTPDases) that are characterized for their ability to hydrolyze nucleoside di- and triphosphates, such as ATP, in the presence of cations, i.e. CA2+ and Mg2+. CD39 is an important membrane protein containing two transmembrane domains and a large NTPDase active, extracellular region containing apyrase conserved regions. It is heavily glycosolated, having six known N-glycosolation sites, and functions on the plasma membrane’s outer surface. CD39 initiates the metabolism, of ATP and ADP to adenosine through a 2-step exzymatic reaction, providing extracellular adenosine for the purpose of regulating various inflammatory endpoints. It is a putative marker for B-cell activation and its expression has also been observed on NK-cells, dendritic cells, T-cells, and vascular endothelial cells. CD39 is a known inhibitor of ADP-induced platel